Sapphire origins and identification
Research on sapphire from the Baw Mar deposit in Mogok, Myanmar, including identification characteristics and geological context.
Industry dashboard
Rough-diamond production and trade statistics, with gemstone, pearl and laboratory-grown research references. Report snapshots and collection dates are labelled separately. Not live trading quotes or investment advice.
Diamonds & gemstones
Natural rough-diamond production, 2025. These are mining and cross-border trade statistics, not polished-diamond or retail prices. Trade may count the same stones as they cross several borders.
- Global rough production
- 98.82 million carats
- Reported production value
- 9.23 USD billion
- Reported imports
- 25.60 USD billion
- Reported exports
- 25.28 USD billion
| Country | Production (carats) | Production value (USD) | Global volume share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russian Federation | 31,511,941.67 | 2,724,463,192.95 | 31.89% |
| Botswana | 15,495,829.00 | 1,978,204,562.00 | 15.68% |
| Angola | 15,195,293.00 | 1,811,575,243.07 | 15.38% |
| Canada | 14,103,511.00 | 892,505,366.39 | 14.27% |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 8,913,219.39 | 44,629,428.44 | 9.02% |
| South Africa | 5,572,541.71 | 598,631,239.28 | 5.64% |
| Zimbabwe | 4,206,720.20 | 102,358,459.75 | 4.26% |
| Namibia | 2,098,129.20 | 721,497,198.43 | 2.12% |
Kimberley Process — Annual Global Summary 2025 (PDF) · Published 2026-08-13 · Editorial snapshot reviewed 2026-11-02. Figures may be revised; this report snapshot is not an automatically updating feed.
Gemstone, pearl & laboratory-grown research
Freshwater pearls and sustainability
Research into the development of Chinese freshwater pearl farming and its relationship with environmental regulation and production quality.
Imitation gemstone identification
Laboratory research on glass-ceramic materials used as gemstone imitations. Identification is a laboratory question, not an inference from a catalogue photograph.
Laboratory-grown diamond research
Browse the journal for diamond growth, identification and treatment research. Laboratory-grown and natural diamond records must remain distinct; this is not a lab-grown price index.
Original editorial summaries with links to the research, not reproduced journal articles. No universal gemstone price index or authenticity determination is implied.